Common Causes of Back Pain and When to See a Doctor

Back pain is one of the most common medical complaints globally, affecting people of all ages and backgrounds. While many cases resolve with self-care, understanding the underlying causes and recognizing warning signs can help you make informed decisions about your health.

Common Causes of Back Pain

Muscle or Ligament Strain: Lifting heavy objects improperly or making sudden awkward movements can strain back muscles and spinal ligaments. People in poor physical condition are especially vulnerable to these injuries.

Bulging or Ruptured Discs: The discs between vertebrae act as cushions, but they can bulge or rupture, pressing on nerves and causing pain. This condition may occur with or without symptoms.

Arthritis: Osteoarthritis can affect the lower back, causing pain and stiffness. In severe cases, the space around the spinal cord may narrow (spinal stenosis).

Osteoporosis: When bones become porous and brittle, vertebrae can develop compression fractures, causing pain and postural changes.

Skeletal Irregularities: Conditions like scoliosis (curvature of the spine) can lead to back pain, usually starting in mid to late childhood.

Risk Factors

Several factors increase the risk of developing back pain, including age (back pain is more common with advancing age), lack of exercise, excess weight, improper lifting techniques, and certain diseases like cancer and arthritis.

When to See a Doctor

Most back pain gradually improves with home treatment and self-care. However, you should consult a doctor if your back pain:

• Persists beyond a few weeks
• Is severe and doesn't improve with rest
• Spreads down one or both legs, especially if the pain extends below the knee
• Causes weakness, numbness, or tingling in one or both legs
• Is accompanied by unexplained weight loss

Seek immediate medical attention if your back pain:

• Follows a fall, blow to your back, or other injury
• Is accompanied by fever
• Causes new bowel or bladder problems
• Is accompanied by severe abdominal pain

Early intervention can help prevent chronic pain and disability. Your doctor may recommend various treatments depending on the cause, including medication, physical therapy, or in some cases, surgical intervention.